Advantages And Disadvantages Of Minimum Wage In Taiwan

Introduction Nowadays, minimum wage is very important for workers in this world. In addition, minimum wage is also a core element of public policy in lots of countries. For example, minimum wage has become a hot topic in Taiwan recently. The Taiwanese complained that the working hours are too long, and the wages are too low. Because of that reason, workers in Taiwan have come forward to protest this policy. Therefore, according to this example, minimum wage has become an issue that cannot be ignored anymore, not only in Taiwan but also all around the world. There are many advantages of establishing minimum wage. It is not just a common reference when companies hire new employees but also can help certain families, help with setting small†¦show more content†¦For example, the minimum wage earners in the United States are mostly graduated students or parents who have children to raise. If the government does not set basic wages, they cannot survive in this world (â€Å"The Advantages of M inimum Wage,† n.d.). Secondly, minimum wage can reduce the tax burden. An unemployed person may use too many public services; however, the people who have minimum wage will not. Therefore, reducing the demand for public assistance will reduce the social and national tax burden. If workers have a basic wage, it can reduce the need for public assistance and decrease the tax burden on the societies and nations. The third is employment incentive. Because there is a minimum wage, the workers have goals for their work. They know that if they work hard, they can get the same return. However, if there is no minimum wage, they will worry about the salary. Hence, the workers do not have the energy to work anymore. That is why minimum wage is important, and it also can enhance the workers’ ambition (â€Å"The Advantages of Minimum Wage,† n.d.). The fourth reason is business budgets. Minimum wage can let a company know its own budget and will be expected to be paid per hour. With this information, a co mpany can understand their own expenses better and creates new jobs for the company. The last reason is a common reference. Setting a minimum wage lets a company hire employees more simply. Workers know their salaryShow MoreRelatedCostco : A Competitive Advantage998 Words   |  4 Pagesbelongs to the very short list of companies with a culture so favorable to employees that it gives the company a competitive advantage, and it’s most likely to keep on rising over many decades. Costco sees workers as an asset to invest in, rather than a cost that must be reduced. In the U.S. Costco pays workers an average of nearly $21 per hour, almost three times the minimum wage and about twice as much of what most competitors pay. 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The Effects of Music on Memory Essay - 2771 Words

It can be proven, through literary research and personal experiences, that music has a positive effect on learning and memory. It can be concluded that these positive effects have an impact on patients with Alzheimer’s, on the motor skills and auditory memory of mentally disabled children, on students attempting to remember subject manner that they are learning, and on the affectivity of advertisements. On a personal note, music has facilitated my ability to remember things, both positive and negative, a number of times. For example, in high school I memorized the days of the week in French by singing them along with a tune that was already familiar to me. I have also had multiple experiences in which I remember things that I do not want†¦show more content†¦Therefore, picking music that a person with Alzheimer’s listened to frequently during their younger years has resulted in strong responses from these patients – meaning that the music provokes them t o show more signs of engagement with external stimulants. This also means that in order to create new forms of response in Alzheimer’s patients, new and unfamiliar music should be used because it has not yet been tied to any old memories. In addition to varying familiar and unfamiliar music when trying to conjure various positive responses in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, it is also beneficial to vary stimulating and sedative music genres. Stimulating music can help â€Å"promote movement† or â€Å"activate† patients. For example, playing faster tempo music during dinner could help prevent the patient from falling asleep at the table. Sedative music, or music with slower tempo, calmer rhythm, and little percussion, is good for relaxing the patient during activities that are usually agitating for them, or when they are trying to sleep. However, opposite responses may occur depending on the associations that the patients may have formed in their memori es with the specific music (Clair). Along with varying music to achieve different beneficial results from Alzheimer’s patients, there are many different activities that can help engage and improve the mental state of patients with Alzheimer’s from the early stages of the disease’sShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Music On Memory And Studying1636 Words   |  7 Pages EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON STUDYING OR MEMORY Arshdeep Singh Ms. Jackie Quantz June 8, 2016 Arshdeep Singh 9023-105 A Avenue NW Edmonton, Alberta T6T0M1 June 8, 2016 Ms. Jackie Quantz Business Communications Instructor Northern Alberta Institute of Technology 11762 – 106 Street NW Edmonton, AB T5G 2R1 Dear Ms. Quantz: The report below tells us about the information regarding music and it’s classification. The report also describes about the effects of music on memory andRead MoreEffects Of Music On Memory And Studying1750 Words   |  7 PagesEFFECTS OF MUSIC ON STUDYING OR MEMORY Arshdeep Singh Ms. Jackie Quantz June 8, 2016 Arshdeep Singh 9023-105 A Avenue NW June 8, 2016 Ms. Jackie Quantz Business Communications Instructor Northern Alberta Institute of Technology 11762 – 106 Street NW Edmonton, AB T5G 2R1 Dear Ms. Quantz: The report below tells us about the information regarding music and it’s classification. The report also describes about the effects of music on memory and studying. The main purposeRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Memory And Studying1475 Words   |  6 PagesAlberta Institute of Technology 11762 – 106 Street NW Edmonton, AB T5G 2R1 Dear Ms. Quantz: The report below tells us about the information regarding music and it’s classification. The report also describes about the effects of music on memory and studying. The main purpose of my report is that if anybody interested in opting a career in music field can easily get a lot of information from my research work which will clear all it’s doubts. For my research work, I have used google for half ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Studying And Memory1108 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION My topic says â€Å"effects of music on studying or memory†. We know that music is played all around the world or we can say in every form of life. My topic tells us about the music that how it is defined. Apart from that, in the next section, I will be explaining the types or categories of music. Some of the types of music are country music, electronic music and many more. Also, I have given description about the type of music and when it is preferred. Furthermore, I am going to explainRead MoreEffect of Music on Memory Retrieval3944 Words   |  16 PagesEFFECT OF MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL THESIS STATEMENT: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I. DEFINITION OF TERMS A. DICTIONARY DEFINITION B. OPERATIONAL DEFINITON II. WHAT IS MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL. III. HOW CAN MUSIC AFFECT YOUR LIFE A. THEORIES OF FORGETTING B. MEMORY AND RELATED FINDINGS C. MUSIC AND RELATED STUDIES IV. HISTORY OF MUSIC V .ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE VI. EFFECT OF MUSIC ON MEMORY RETRIEVAL IN YOUR LIFE CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY ALIBASHER ABUBACAR IV-C MSU-ILS Read MoreThe Effect Of Music On Short Term Memory Essay998 Words   |  4 Pages The Effect of Music on Short Term Memory Jessie Eddins 12/12/16 Abstract. This experiment was tested to see whether music had an effect on short term memory. Listening to music while looking at objects will potentially distract the brain, no longer allowing it to hold the information viewed in short term memory. This experiment found that listening to music while taking in the information and listening to the same music while trying to recall the information hinders the brainsRead MoreThe Effect Of Background Music On Short Term Memory1393 Words   |  6 Pages The Effect of Background Music on Short Term Memory Jiayi Shi Arizona State University Abstract The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between the different types of background music and people’s abilities to memorize and retain information. There are 18 participants in the experiment. They were asked to memorize and recall the given word lists with different background music. The result indicates that it’s easier for the participants to memorize word lists whileRead MoreThe Effect Of Classical Music On Short Term Memory2260 Words   |  10 Pageswas to measure the effect of classical music on short-term memory. The research hypothesis was that subjects would score significantly lower in a memory test of ten objects when listening to â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† than the subjects listening to no music. In this experiment the design was repeated measures, meaning the participants took part in both the music and no-music conditions. The purpose of this was to prevent variables which may occur due to differences in memory abilities. The independentRead MoreEffects of BackGround Music on Phonological Short-Term Memory983 Words   |  4 PagesOne’s emotional state or mood is important to consider when exploring memory, because mood affects one’s recall of information (Happiness-Levine Burgess, 1997; Thaut l’Etoile, 1993). Music, depending on the type, can help induce or change one’s mood (Rickard, 2012). This is important because, music is apart of many of people’s daily lives. Students, especially, listen to music while they study a task that relies on one’s memory. Beyond just exploring mood, this study wanted to look at what typeRead MoreMusic: the Medicine of the Mind784 Words   |  4 PagesMusic can have effects on the human brain that are hard to exaggerate. For instance, a mere snippet of song can trigger one’s memories so vividly. A tune can induce emotions ranging from unabashed joy to deep sorrow and can drive listeners into states of patriotic ferv our or religious frenzy--to say nothing of its legendary ability to soothe the savage beast. The study of how music affects the mind and the interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been a

Meeting the ethical challenge of leadership - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Meeting the ethical challenge of leadership. Answer: Introduction Over the years, the social, political and economic aspects in the global framework, have changed considerably, which in turn have significant effects on the overall way of living of people across the world and on their personal and professional domains. These changes, obviously have affected the workings and operational frameworks of the business organizations operating in the global framework, the same facing considerable dynamics over time (Abouzeedan Hedner, 2012). In the last few decades, the business organizations in the international framework have changed considerably in terms of their objectives, goals, production process, operating framework, area of operations and others. With contemporary economic and social phenomena like Globalization, Liberalizations and other similar incidents, more and more organizations and business enterprises have been going global, by expanding their domain of operations in different countries and exploring varied opportunities of venturing in different types of markets (Powell DiMaggio, 2012). The corporate culture and the work environments of these organizations are also experiencing considerable changes with the inclusion of multi-cultured and multi-specialty workforce. Keeping the above situations in the global business framework into consideration, the concerned assignment tries to discuss the challenges these contemporary business enterprises face in the aspect of profit maximizations, their long term and short-term goals as well as the corporate social responsibility of these organizations (Awadh Alyahya, 2013). The assignment tries to highlight the ethical issues faced by these organizations in the aspect of achieving their goals, profit expectations and I the aspect of corporate social responsibility. Operational framework: Organizational Challenges of contemporary business organizations The operational framework of the commercial institutions, showing the overall structure, strategic framework, productive operations, employee structure and social commitments of the same, is the backbone of any organization. This is primarily because the sustainability, profitability and long-term prospects of any organization highly depend on how efficiently the same carries out its functions and responsibilities. The companies also need to take into consideration not only the maximization of its profit, but also the maximization of welfare of the people attached to the company as well as of the society as a whole (Wirtz et al. 2016). In the earlier periods, the operational frameworks of the businesses used to be simple and unilateral, with the core objective being maximization of its own profit, by accruing as much market share and clientele as possible and targeting maximum productivity in minimum cost. However, with time and an increasingly integrating global business environment and with these businesses venturing different domains, both geographical as well as operational, their mode of operations has also been changing significantly (Symon Cassell, 2012). The business organizations are no longer viewed as solely profit maximizing institutions but are expected to fulfill several responsibilities towards their employees and towards the society as a whole. This in turn, gives rise to several challenges, which the businesses face, in term of Corporate Social Responsibility, Profits and Goals. These are explained as follows: Challenges in Corporate Social Responsibility As discussed above, the global business environment has been becoming more integrating with more companies venturing into different areas and product and service markets. The demand patterns of the customers across the world have also experienced immense dynamics, much of which can be attributed to the change in the life styles globally. This, in turn indicates towards the increase in both the demand and the supply side dynamics in the global commercial scenario. With more inclusion of supply side players, the business scenario has become far more competitive and dynamic (Tai Chuang, 2014). On the other hand, there is a constant increase in the awareness regarding the threats which the environment and societies are facing, due to the concerning global phenomena like Global Warming, excessive carbon emission, destruction of natural resources and damages done to mankind as a whole. Much of these destructions and negative implications on the society can be attributed to the less restri ctive working methods of the businesses in the earlier periods. Keeping these aspects of competitiveness as well as environmental and social welfare in concern, it becomes the responsibility of the businesses operating in any corner of the world to carry out their operations and productive activities, keeping into account their duties towards the society as well as towards the welfare of the workers and the stakeholders (Schneider Schmidpeter, 2012). Thus, the term Corporate Social Responsibility refers to the continuous commitment of the commercial institutions in the global framework, to work towards corporate sustainability, by contributing to the economic development of itself as well as of the society. It falls under the Corporate Social Responsibility of the organizations to emphasis not only increasing their production and profit, but also to do so in an ethical framework, thereby improving the overall quality of living of the workers and other stakeholders as well as the society at large. Thus, it can be asserted that under the corporate social responsibility, in the contemporary global scenario, the companies not only need to be publicly accountable on their commercial performances but they also need to be accountable in the social, environmental and ethical aspects too. The companies need to promote sustainable development, human rights, democracy and improvement in community in their operational framework (Crane, Matten Spence, 2013). Among the different responsibilities and challenges falling under the domain of CSR, are the following: a) Economic Responsibilities- To produce the goods and services for the purpose of earning profit b) Legal Responsibilities- To earn profits within the legal framework c) Ethical Responsibility- To operated and produce with the goal of earning profit, incorporating ethical aspects of production and welfare maximization in their operational framework d) Discretionary responsibilities- To involve in other philanthropic activities thereby working for the benefits of those people who are not directly related to the company as a whole Thus, from the above discussion, it can be clearly stated that in the contemporary commercial situation, the commercial organizations do not only work for the purpose of increasing their individual profit but also are bestowed with ethical, social, economic and philanthropic responsibilities, towards the increase of the greater welfare of the society as a whole (Brammer, Jackson Matten, 2012). However, while catering to those responsibilities the contemporary commercial organizations often face challenges and conflicts in their operational framework, which primarily includes trade-off between their personal profit maximization and their responsibility towards the increment of the social welfare, in an ethical framework. Challenges faced by business organizations in terms of profit Given the fact that corporate social responsibility is one of the factors of immense importance in the contemporary business scenarios, which enforces the commercial institutions to work in an overall ethical framework, the following are the primary ethical challenges, which are faced by the firms in their commercial operations. These dilemmas are directly linked to their profit and the welfare manifested by their actions: Employee management One of the primary challenges, which the contemporary organizations face in the global scenario, is how they need to manage their employees. The fastest way in which any company can maximize their individual profit is by reducing the cost of production and slashing the expenses they bear in terms of the maintenance of their employees. The profit of the organizations can be easily increased by taking away the benefits, which the employees of those organizations enjoy additionally apart from their salary packages (Lau, 2015). However, if this measure is undertaken, then this can lead to immense ethical issues by causing poor morale among the workforces. Thus, the primary challenge, which the company faces in terms of profit maximization, is the ethical dilemma of sacrificing the welfare of their workers. Thus, in the contemporary global context, profit maximization strategies of the companies need to incorporate the ethical issues of employee management also (Ulrich Sarasin, 2012). Environmental aspects Another challenge, which the business organizations across the world experience, in terms of profit maximization, is in terms of restoration of the environmental aspects. The production of all goods and services have environmental impacts to some extent, in terms of pollution and contamination of natural resources, which in turn have negative implications on the society as a whole. However, in order to incorporate environmental sustainability in the production process, the firms need to incur several costs, which in turn increase social welfare aspects. However, by incorporating the same in the operational framework, the firms can stay ethically correct and excel in terms of their social responsibility, thereby gaining positive popularity in the market and sustainability in production. Quality Considerations The most significant trade off which the companies face in terms of profit and social welfare tradeoff is the quality aspects of their products. While compromising in the quality levels the firm can reduce cost and increase productivity, however, in the global competitive framework, the emphasis on better quality can help them satisfy their ethical requirements and stay ahead of their competitors. Challenges in organizational goals From the above discussion, it is therefore, evident that the goals of the organizations in the contemporary business framework have also changed significantly and there arises several challenges, which the same face in terms of attainment of those goals. a) Changing Strategy- In the competitive business framework, the primary challenge of the organizations is to keep on changing and improvising their strategic framework in order to compete with their rivals in an ethical framework. b) Decision making process- The goals of the organizations becoming increasingly complex, with the incorporation of social welfare along with personal benefits, the business organizations face the challenge of taking the right decisions, which cater to both the needs (Johnson, 2017). c) Perceived priority- The complex and multi-dimensional responsibilities of the business organizations, it becomes a consistent challenge for the same to decide on their priorities, taking into account the positive and negative implications of both profit and social welfare maximizations (Cavusgil et al. 2014). Conclusion Keeping the above discussion in consideration, it can be asserted that with the significant dynamics in the global business environment, the operational framework and the production process of the business institutions across the world has also been experiencing considerable changes. The structure of the organizations is becoming complex and multi-dimensional and the ethical aspects are coming in lime light. The business organizations, therefore, in the contemporary periods, faces challenges regarding their profit dynamics, achievement of goals and corporate social responsibilities, which in turn have considerable influences on their changing priorities and overall operations management. References Abouzeedan, A., Hedner, T. (2012). Organization structure theories and open innovation paradigm.World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development,9(1), 6-27. Awadh, A. M., Alyahya, M. S. (2013). Impact of organizational culture on employee performance.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(1), 168. Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.Socio-economic review,10(1), 3-28. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L. J. (2013). Corporate social responsibility in a global context. Johnson, C. E. (2017).Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Sage Publications. Lau, K. J. (2015).New age capitalism: making money East of Eden. University of Pennsylvania Press. Powell, W. W., DiMaggio, P. J. (Eds.). (2012).The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press. Schneider, A., Schmidpeter, R. (2012). Corporate social responsibility.Verantwortliche Unternehmensfhrung in der Praxis, Berlin ua. Symon, G., Cassell, C. (Eds.). (2012).Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges. Sage. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117. Ulrich, P., Sarasin, C. (Eds.). (2012).Facing public interest: The ethical challenge to business policy and corporate communications(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., Gttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), 36-54

Public Enterprises free essay sample

What are the Objectives of Public Enterprises? SOUMYA SINGH In India, public enterprises have been assigned the task of realising the objectives laid down in the Directive Principles of State Policy. Public sector as a whole seeks: (a) to gain control of the commanding heights of the economy, (b) to promote critical development in terms of social gain or strategic value rather than on consideration of profit, and (c) to provide commercial surplus with which to finance further economic development. The main objectives of public enterprises in India are as follows: 1. Economic development: Public enterprises were set up to accelerate the rate of economic growth in a planned manner. These enterprises have created a sound industrial base for rapid industrialisation of the country. They are expected to provide infrastructure facilities for promoting balanced and diversified economic structure of development. 2. Self-reliance: Another aim of public enterprises is to promote self-reliance in strategic sectors of the national economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Enterprises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For this purpose, public enterprises have been set up in transportation, communication, energy, petro-chemicals, and other key and basic industries. . Development of backward Areas: Several public enterprises were established in backward areas to reduce regional imbalances in development. Balanced development of different parts of the country is necessary for social as well as strategic reasons. 4. Employment generation: Unemployment has become a serious problem in India. Public enterprises seek to offer gainful employment to millions. In order to protect jobs, several sick units in the private sector have been nationalised. 5. Economic surplus: Public enterprises seek to generate and mobilise surplus for reinvestment. These enterprises earn money and mobilise public savings for industrial development. 6. Egalitarian society: An important objective of public enterprises is to prevent concentration of economic power and growth of private monopolies. Public sector helps the Government to enforce social control on trade and industry for ensuring equitable distribution of goods and services. Public enterprises protect and promote small scale industries. 7. Consumer welfare: Public enterprises seek to protect consumers from exploitation and profiteering by ensuring supply of essential commodities at cheaper prices. They aim at stabilising prices. 8. Public utilities: Private sector is guided by profit motive. Therefore, it is reluctant to invest money in public utility services like water supply, gas, electricity, public transport. Therefore, the Government has to assume responsibility for providing such services. 9. Defence: Government has to set up public enterprises for production of defence equipment. Supply of such equipment cannot be entrusted for private sector due to the need for utmost secrecy. 10. Labour welfare: Public enterprises serve as model employers. They ensure welfare and social security of employees. Many public enterprises have developed townships, schools, college and hospitals for their workers. Role and Rationale of Public Enterprises The public sector has been playing a vital role in the economic development of the country. In fact the public sector has come to occupy such an important place in our economy that on its effective performance depends largely the achievement of the countrys economic and social goals. Public sector is considered a powerful engine of economic development and an important instrument of self-reliance. The main contributions of public enterprises to the countrys economy may be described as follows: 1. Filling of gaps: At the time of independence, there existed serious gaps in the industrial structure of the country, particularly in the field of heavy industries. Basic and key industries require huge capital investment, involve considerable risk and suffer from long gestation periods. Private sector concerns do not come forward to establish such industries. Public sector has helped to fill up these gaps. The basic infrastructure required for rapid industrialisation has been built up, through the production of strategic capital goods. The public sector has considerably widened the industrial base of the country and speeded up the pace of industrialisation. 2. Employment: Public sector has created millions of jobs to tackle the unemployment problem in the country. Public sector accounts for about two-third of the total employment in the organised industrial sector in India. By taking over many sick units, the public sector has protected the employment of millions. Public sector has also contributed a lot towards the improvement of working and living conditions of workers by serving as a model employer. 3. Balanced regional development: Private industries tend to concentrate in certain regions while other regions remain backward. Public sector undertakings have located their plants in backward and untraded parts of the country. These areas lacked basic industrial and civic facilities like electricity, water supply, township and manpower. Public enterprises have developed these facilities thereby bringing about complete transformation in the social-economic life of the people in these regions. Steel plants of Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur; fertilizer factory at Sindri, machine tool plants in Rajasthan, precision instruments plants in Kerala and Rajasthan, etc. are a few examples of the development of backward regions by the public sector. 4. Optimum utilisation of resources: Public enterprises make better utilisation of scarce resources of the country. They are big in size and able to enjoy the benefits of large scale operations. They help to eliminate wasteful completion and ensure full use of installed capacity. Op timum utilisation of resources results in better and cheaper production. 5. Mobilisation of surplus: The profits earned by public enterprises are reinvested for expansion and diversification. Moreover, public sector concerns like banks and financial nstitutions mobilise scattered public savings thereby helping the process of capital formation in the country. Public enterprises earn considerable foreign exchange through exports. 6. Self reliance: Public enterprises have reduced considerably the need for imports by producing new and better products within the country. These enterprises are also earning considerable amount of foreign exchange through exports. 7. Socialistic pattern of society: Public sector is an instrument for realising social objectives. Public enterprises help to check concentration of wealth and private monopolies. These enterprises can serve as powerful means of economic and social change. 8. Public welfare: Public enterprises help in the establishment of a welfare state in the country. These enterprises supply essential commodities at cheaper rates. A proper balance between demand and supply is created to protect consumers against exploitation by profit hungry businessmen. Public enterprises also protect and promote the interests of workers. Criticism of Public Enterprises [Arguments against Public Enterprises] Public enterprises are opposed on account of weaknesses in their organisation and working. These enterprises generally suffer from the following problems: 1. Delay in completion: Often a very long time is taken in the establishment and completion of public enterprises. Delay in completion leads to increase in the cost of establishment and benefits extracted from them are delayed. 2. Faulty evaluation: Public enterprises are in some cases set upon political considerations. There is no proper evaluation of demand and supply and expected costs and benefits. There are no clear cut objectives and guidelines. In the absence of proper project planning there is under- utilisation of capacity and wastage of national resources. . Heavy overhead costs: Public enterprises often spend huge amounts on providing housing and other amenities to employees. Though such investment is useful for employees but it takes away a large part of capital and the project suffers from financial difficulties. 4. Poor returns: Majority of the public enterprises in India are incurring loss. In some of them the profits earned do not yield a reasonable return on huge investment. Lack of effective financial controls, wasteful expenditure and dogmatic pricing policy result in losses 5. Inefficient management: Due to excessive centralisation of authority and lack of motivation public enterprises are managed inefficiently. High level posts are often occupied by persons lacking necessary expertise but enjoying political support. 6. Political interference: There is frequent interference from politicians and civil servants in the working of public enterprises. Such interference leaves little scope for initiative and freedom of action. Public enterprises enjoy little autonomy and flexibility of operations. 7. Labour problems: In the absence of proper manpower planning public enterprises suffer from over-staffing. Jobs are created to fulfil employment goals of the Government. Guarantee of job in these enterprises encourages trade unions to be militant in pursuing their aims. Growth of Public Enterprises in India At the time of independence, public sector in India was confined mainly to railways, communications, defence production and public utility services. Since then the growth of public enterprises has been very rapid. Now public sector consists of public utilities (e. g. , railways, post and telegraph, etc), manufacturing concerns (e. g. , BHEL, SAIL, etc. ), trading organisations (e. g. STC, MMTC, etc. ), service organisations (e. g. , NIDC, RITES, etc. ). SAIL, a Maharatna Company of Govt. of India, is the worlds leading and Indias largest steel producer with an annual turnover of around Rs. 50,348 crore (FY11-12). It operates and owns 5 integrated steel plants at Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur and 3 special steel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravati. As part of its g lobal ambition the Company is implementing a massive expansion plan involving project work of building/adding new facilites with emphasis on state of the art green technology. List of Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna CPSEs As per available information (as on February, 2013) Maharatna CPSEs Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Coal India Limited GAIL (India) Limited Indian Oil Corporation Limited NTPC Limited Oil amp; Natural Gas Corporation Limited Steel Authority of India Limited Navratna CPSEs Bharat Electronics Limited Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited National Aluminium Company Limited NMDC Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited Oil India Limited Power Finance Corporation Limited Power Grid Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Limited Shipping Corporation of India Limited Miniratna Category I CPSEs Airports Authority of India Antrix Corporation Limited Balmer Lawrie amp; Co. Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited BEML Limited Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Bridge amp; Roof Company (India) Limited Central Warehousing Corporation Central Coalfields Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Cochin Shipyard Limited Container Corporation of India Limited Dredging Corporation of India Limited Engineers India Limited Ennore Port Limited Garden Reach Shipbuilders amp; Engineers Limited Goa Shipyard Limited Hindustan Copper Limited HLL Lifecare Limited Hindustan Newsprint Limited Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited Housing amp; Urban Development Corporation Limited India Tourism Development Corporation Limited Indian Railway Catering amp; Tourism Corporation Limited IRCON International Limited KIOCL Limited Mazagaon Dock Limited Mahanadi Coalfields Limited Manganese Ore (India) Limited Mangalore Refinery amp; Petrochemical Limited Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited MMTC Limited MSTC Limited National Fertilizers Limited National Seeds Corporation Limited NHPC Limited Northern Coalfields Limited Numaligarh Refinery Limited ONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited Projects amp; Development India Limited Railtel Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Chemicals amp; Fertilizers Limited RITES Limited SJVN Limited Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited South Eastern Coalfields Limited State Trading Corporation of India Limited Telecommunications Consultants India Limited THDC India Limited Western Coalfields Limited WAPCOS Limited Miniratna Category-II CPSEs Bharat Pumps amp; Compressors Limited Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited Central Mine Planning amp; Design Institute Limited Ed. CIL (India) Limited Engineering Projects (India) Limited FCI Aravali Gypsum amp; Minerals India Limited Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited HMT (International) Limited HSCC (India) Limited India Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Medicines amp; Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited M E C O N Limited National Film Development Corporation Limited National Small Industries Corporation Limited P E C Limited Rajasthan Electronics amp; Instruments Limited

Anne Bradstreet’s Criticism of the Male World in Her “The Prologue” Essay Sample free essay sample

Anne Bradstreet’s Criticism of the Male World in her â€Å"The Prologue† In her verse form the Prologue. Anne Bradstreet aggressively criticizes the male universe for its unfair bias and ill will against the female universe and female creativeness. In order to knock the male universe. Anne Bradstreet uses such literary devices as sarcasm and irony. The tone of Anne is dry throughout the verse form. Her attack seems to be really polite but behind this polite attitude there lies a biting every bit good as pointed onslaught towards the male universe. She uses many understatements which are besides the grade of her dry niceness. In the gap stanza she uses the understatement ‘mean pen’ to bespeak her ability. It’s really dry that she tells us about her inability. though we know that she was the first American adult female poet who wrote some finest wordss. Throughout the first three stanzas. We will write a custom essay sample on Anne Bradstreet’s Criticism of the Male World in Her â€Å"The Prologue† Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page she uses other dry comments. She compares herself with the ‘school boys’ and says that her inability is congenital and irreparable. My foolish. broken. blemished Muse so sings.And this to repair. alas. no Art is able.‘Cause Nature made it so irreparable. Though she degrades her place by comparing herself with the school male child. we know that she read Shakespeare. Sir Walter Raleigh and Cervantes. So. it is another illustration of her dry niceness. In the 4th stanza. she contrasts herself with Demosthenes and says that her inability can non be cured as it is by nature weak and wounded. Art can make much. but this maxim’s most certainA weak and wounded encephalon admits no remedy. Here she directs her onslaught to the bias of the male universe that adult females are by nature ‘weak’ . So. she criticized the male bias by this polite comment. But in the 5th stanza her unfavorable judgment becomes unfastened and direct. Here she uses irony in order to knock the ill will of the male universe. She uses such reprimanding comments as ‘carping lingua. ’ Obnoxious’ in order to demo the ill will of the male universe. She opines that the male universe tries to degrade her place in several ways. Harmonizing to her. the male universe degrades and devalues the female creativeness. She unmasks this favoritism of the male universe in a sarcastic manner. She besides uses other sarcastic comments such as she calls the male members of her society as Greek. Her dry attack reaches to the point of flood tide in the last stanzas. Here she uses such inflated looks as precedency. ‘excel’ . ‘preeminence’ etc in order to laud the alleged high quality of the male universe. Actually the male members of the society use these words to mean their place. Anne Bradstreet echoes these words but her tone is really ironi++c. In the last stanza she once more uses some sarcastic comments such as ‘Flown quills. â€Å" your quarry still catch your congratulations. † ‘lowly lines’ and ‘glistering gold’ etc in order to demo the ego glorifying and ego fulfilling outlook of the male individuals of her society. She besides uses such looks as ‘mean’ and ‘unrefined’ ore in order to demo her unimportance. She says that her work is unprocessed ore. but we know that as a poetes s she is non without accomplishments. So. her dry debasement really heightens her place to our eyes. Therefore. we see that Anne Bradstreet uses the dry and sarcastic comments throughout the verse form in order to knock the male bias and male attitude towards the female universe and female creativeness.

Technical Writing Career

Technical Writing Career A technical writing career is a great if you’re the type of person who enjoys writing and if you have a good command of your grammar. However, the ability to write isn’t the only thing one needs to break into this field. One needs to understand how to take complex information on many different topics and be able to organize and translate them in such a way that the general public can understand it. As our society moves forward into the technological era, the demand for technical writes will grow, making a technical writing career a very viable career option for years to come. There are many opportunities in the realm of technical writing careers for one to choose from. There are opportunities from being a freelance technical writer or working as part of a writing team within an organization. The technical writing field is growing so rapidly that if you have the skills, you’ll find yourself in demand. Some things to keep in mind when considering a technical writing career are what type of writer you want to be. If you choose to be a freelance writer that takes on an entire project then your skills need to be quite considerable as opposed to being part of a team. When choosing a technical writing career, it may be advisable to begin as part of a team so that you can develop individual skills as needed while learning about the whole aspect from other experienced writers. Working on a team in a technical writing career offers one the opportunity to learn under experienced technical writers who can support and advise you in your work. Typically one would start off working under someone that would monitor your work closely. In most cases as part of a team, you would be responsible for a few documents in the beginning. Then as you begin to gain experience, you can expect to be given more challenging assignments. A good writer who wants to break in to a technical writing career will obse rve all the processes carefully and learn all that’s needed. If you ever hope to become a freelance technical writer, you’ll need to know all aspects of technical writing in order to truly impress a company into hiring you and keeping your services. As a lone, freelance writer, you would be expected to be responsible for an entire technical writing project, which can be quite formidable. A technical writing career means having the skills to evaluate the topic while analyzing outside requirements in order to come up with the information needed. Templates would be needed for the documentation books and you would have to possess the skills to design these. As a lone writer, you’d be the one writing all the books, guides, online information, etc. In order to have a successful freelance technical writing career, one must make sure the whole package is accurate and well developed before releasing it for public viewing. Many times if you are hired as the only technical writer, you’ll be working with people who have no experience in technical writing and you do not want criticism to come back into the company about your writing. This indicates to your employers that you’ve put out sloppy work and it could adversely affect the product you just wrote about. In a technical writing career, one needs to spend time building up the necessary skills in order to establish yourself in the field as a reputable, professional technical writer. A technical writing career is an area that offers great growth but one needs to be prepared with the necessary knowledge and skills to truly impress not only your employers but the public that you are putting the information out to as well. The better your skills, the more this will set you above the rest and you’ll be in demand. If you are one who not only enjoys writing but also has a good command of the English language and grammar and possess excellent research and organizational skills then check out a technical writing career.

Amazon Deforestation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amazon Deforestation - Essay Example Global warming is one of the major concerns of the world today. The problem is caused by the increased greenhouse emissions coming from different countries worldwide. However, findings show that about 15% of carbon emissions come from tropical deforestation. This level of emissions is more than the total emissions from all automobiles combined. Therefore, preservation of forests is one of the surest ways of slowing down global warming. This begins by preserving Brazil’s Amazon rainforest, which is at threat of disappearance due to deforestation. Brazil’s Amazon rainforest is one f the world’s largest tropical rainforest. However, the forest has been at threat of deforestation, which began in 1970s. Report indicates that before the deforestation of the forest began, Amazon forest cover was estimated at about 4,100,000 square kilometers. The forest at the time consisted of different types of trees and acted as home for several species of birds, animals, microorganisms, and even human beings.The high forest cover also acted as water catchment area for major rivers in Brazil and neighboring countries.At the same time, the forest received an estimated half of the country’s annual rainfall. However, all these have significantly been lost through deforestation. The World Bank report indicates that an estimated 745,289 square kilometers of Amazon forest has been lost since 1970s to 2011.Despite there being a slight decline in the destruction in the recent times following conservation initiatives put by the Brazilian government, more still needs to be done to preserve the forest. As a result,only about 3,354,711 km2 of the forest cover remained by 2011 down from 4,100,000 km2 of the forest cover in 1970 and earlier.... A number of factors have been noted as the leading causes of destruction of Amazon. Top of the causes according to a study is the clearing the forest for pasture. Report indicates that about 38% of the deforestation that took place from1966 to1975 was due to large-scale ranching. This figure has since increased to about 60%, according to the country’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). This is reverberated by the fact that Brazil’s economy depends hugely on beef products exported to different parts of the world. However, much of the ranching expansion has taken place in Amazon, which has more than 80% of heads of cattle. Presently an estimated 214,000 square miles of land have been cleared to give space for pasture. This space is larger than the size of France (Butler par.3). The destruction has also been caused by subsistence agriculture being undertaken by the poor farmers in the forest after the Brazilian gov ernment provided land to the landless poor through the country’s land policy. According to Brazil’s land policy, every citizen has a right to use any government piece of land for a period of at least one year and a day. The squatter has the right to acquire ownership of the land after five years hence the right to sell the land. Report indicates that the Brazilian government granted land ownership in Amazon to about 150,000 families from 1995 to 1998. Poor farmers typically have the tendency of clearing land-using fire. In fact, satellite images taken on the forest show numerous images of fires burning across the Amazon (Campari 21). The deforestation of Amazon has also been increased by the move by the Brazilian government to clear the land for purposes of improving its